Car-wheel-truing machine



(No Model.) 8 SheetsSheet 1.

M. E. DAYTON.

OAR WHEEL TRUING MACHINE. No. 334,647. I Patented Jam 19, 1886.

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(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 2.

M. E. DAYTON.

GAB, WHEEL TRUING MACHINE. No. 334,647. Patented Jan. 19, 1886.

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8 Sheets-Sheet 3,

(No Model.)

M. E. DAYTON.

GAR WHEEL TRUING MACHINE.

No. 334,647. Patented Jan. 19,,1886. I

@. Q. PD'UCL N. PETERS. Plwm-Lmm m her. wahin mn, D. Q

(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 4.

M.E. DAYTON'.

CAR WHEEL TRUING MACHINE. No. 334,647. Patented Jan. 19, 1886.

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N. 'wzmzs. Plxola-Lnhogmpher, Washir-ghm. u. c.

8 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

M. HDAYTON.

UAR WHEEL TRUING MACHINE.

No. 334,647. Patented Jan. 19, 1886.

lllll AJaM/ 8 Sheets-Sheet 6.

(No Model.)

IVLELDAYTON.

GAE WHEEL TRUING MACHINE.

No. 334,647. Patented Jan. 19, 1886.

G. c Wm (No Model.) I 8 Sheets-Shet 7. M. E. DAYTON.

GAR WH EEL'TR-UING MAGHINE.

.No. 334,647. Patented Jan. 19, 1886.7

(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 8. M. E. DAYTON.

GAR WHEEL TRUING MACHINE,

No. 334,647. PatentedJan. 19, 1886.

. N'rrED STATES PATENT OFFICE, I

" rinnvirnn n. DAYTON, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CAR-WHEEL-TRUING YMACHINE.

. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent'No. 334,647, dated January 19, 1886.

' Application tiled Apt-i116, r cs. sci-a1. No. 62,518. (N'o model.)

of Illinois, ,have invented certainynew and useful Improvements in Gar-.Wheel-Truing Machines; and Ido herebyedeclare that the following is a ,full, clear,fand.exact description thereof, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference markedthereon, which form apart of-this specification; r p

This invention relates to lathes of that class which are adaptedito turn .or otherwise true the rims of car-wheels-when secured upon their axles, certain features ofthe inventionbeing more especiallyintended. to meet the requirements of the case in' which the journals on the axle areexterior tothe wheels. 1 H

,Thegeneral objects and nature of my improvements willappear from .thefollowing description and the appended claims.

. ,It is amongtheobjects of the construction herein set forth that the machine shall have sufficient. driving force and Esteadiness of. operation to carry both of the wheels at the same time against turning-tools, and, if need be, each wheelagainst two such tools-simultaneously,.and to insure proper accuracy in the heavy work thus to be done.

For this purpose the invention contemplates a constructionof. the-chuck whereby the latter of itself more. completely sustains; the wheel or furnishes .the fulcra for its rotation against the toolin which the center cuts little or no figure as .a fulcrum, and in which the strength of the axle isutilized only or prin cipally to hold. the. wheel in engagement with the chuck. Tothisendthe chuck is contrived such manner and. at such points that practi= cally no lateralstrain falls upon the end cen-' ter, if. the latter be employed. In furtherance of this end also, and as preferablyconstructed; thechuckis shown as provided atitsdrivinga points with radial-lymrovable jaws, operating.

preferably made movable thereon.

one.

as drivers, which bear outwardly against the under face of the wheel-rim, and which thus not only drive but uphold the wheel in all I directions against the tool.

To facilitate the insertion of the wheels and their outside journaled axle in the machine without extensively retracting or separating the chucks to admit the protruding ends of the axle, a space is provided between the driving-points of the chucks through which said ends of the axle may enter laterally to their proper positions central to the chucks. Two forms of construction are shown with reference to this end. One consists of a deep chuck having a series of radially'movable drivingjaws or drivers, applied at about equidistant points on the vertical face of the chuck,

' and a radial groove between two of said points to admit the end of the axle. The places or stand are herein termed the driving-points, or the fixed driving-points, of the chuck. The other consists in a chuck constituted of a face-plate having rigid posts projecting into proximity to the wheel, which posts are essentially integral with the plate, though shown and To these posts areapplied the drivers, and between them space is afiorded for the lateral introduction of the protruding ends of the axle; The outer ends of the posts referred to constitute the fixed driving-points of this form of chuck. In either of these equivalent constructions no extended movement of either chuck-head is required,

and the operation of introducing the wheels and their axle is, therefore, a short and simple The'form of chuck,consisting of a face-plate having rigid posts for the support ofd'rivers, and-having said posts movable, serves the ob .ject'of adapting'the machine to work upon Itis a further feature of the machine, as

herein set forth, that while particularly adapt-- ed to centering and holding wheels mount-ed upon axles having outside journals, itis readi" points on the chuck at which these drivers 7 ly adjustable to wheels having inside journals, without relative movement of the oppoing chucks for this purpose.

in the accompanying drawings, which iIlustrate one form of machine embodying my in vention, Figure 1 is a plan view of the lathe, with a pair of car-wheels centered and set in place therein, ready for turning. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the machinebed, taken in the plane of the axes of the chucks, and showing the said chucks and other principal parts of thelathe in elevation, looking from front to rear of the machine. Fig. 3 represents the driVing-gearof the lathe in end elevation, the end of the bed piece or frame being removed and the tool-rests being absent. Fig. 4 is a face view of a chuck containing a radial recess by which the projecting journalcd end of the axle is admitted to its central position relative to said chuck, and also showing one form of the centeringdevice, consisting of two universal chuck-jaws having angular recessed ends to receive and center the axle by external lateral engagement therewith. Fig. 5 is a vertical axial section of a chuck constructed as shown in Fig. 4, the section leing taken in the line or a: of said Fig. 4., and showing a car wheel and axle in place and held by the chuck, said wheel being also shown in vertical axial section. Fig. 6 is an axial section of the chuck shown in Fig. 4, taken on the line y 1 an outside journaled axle of the wheel being shown by dotted lines. Fig. 7 corresponds with Fig. 6, except that it shows an end centering device which maybe used alternatively with the centering-jaws, as also shown in said figure, or which may be used conjunctively with said centering-jaws, either upon axles having exterior journals or those having interior journals, the said figure showing an axle having its journals between the wheels, or without external projections, as in the case of locomotive truck-wheels. Fig. 8 shows the same mechanism as Fig. 7, but applied to an axle having outsidejournals. Fig. 9 shows in front elevation a chuck consisting of a face-plate having radially-movable posts thereon and sliding holding and driving jaws mounted in the outer ends of said posts. There are also shown in this figure projected center-jaws similar to those shown in previous figures for externally and laterally grasping the protruding end oftheaxle butindependently actuated.

\ Fig. 10 isa vertical axial fragmentary section of the matters shown in Fig. 9, together with a fragment of a wheel centered and set in place. Fig. 11 is a central section of one of the posts of Fig. 10 detached. Fig. 11 is a fragmentary front view of the driving-jaw of Fig. 11, showing the form of the stud. Fig. 12 is an alternative construction of one of the driverjaws as to one of its details. Fig. 13 is a central sect-ion of one of the posts, showing a driving-jaw fitted to slide in a head, which is provided with a shank having a movement in the post in a direction at right angles to the face-plate. Fig. 14 is a transverse section of the slide F of Fig. 13 through the flattened part thereof. Fig. 15 is a transverse section of the machinebed in front of one of the chucks, showing one of the two adjustable tracks which carry the wheels into a position in the machine in which the protruding ends of the axle may be engaged by the hoisting devices on the chucks, and thereby liftedto the centers.

A is any suitable form of bed or frame, upon which are placed the two stocks or the head and tail stocks B and B, and the tool-rests. In the stocks B and B are rotatably mounted the spindles G O, which carry the spindleheads or chuck-heads W, to which the chucking devices are rigidly attached. The two spindle-heads are both, as herein shown, provided with peripheral cogs'c, which mesh with the pinions d and d on the heavy drive-shaft D, located, preferably, below the upper surface ofthc bed-plate and running longitudinally of the machine, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. By this means both chucks are driven in unison from aconimon source of power. The shaft D is illustrated as being driven by a suitable train of gearing from a cone belt pulley. D. This, however, is only one of numerous forms of driving mechanism that may be employed, and I am not restricted to any par ticnlar devices for this purpose.

One ot'the stocks, B, is made longitudinally movable upon the machine-bed, to admit the wheels over the short projections on the chuckjaws (which are herein shown as proper devices by which to engage the car-wheels with the chucks) and to afford adjustment of the machine to wheels mounted at different distances apart on their axles. Accordingly the adjacent pinion d on the shaft D is shown broad-faced to engage the rack 0 of the spindle-head C in these changes of its position. A suitable device for shitting the tail-stock B for these adjustments is shown in the screw B", engaged with the interiorly-threaded lug B, which depends from the tail-stock, and provided with the hand-wheel B. If desired, both stocks may be similarly movable on the machine-bed; or, instead of moving either stock itself, the familiar equivalent ofa spindle having a longitudinal movement in the stock may obviously be employed for the short adjustment of the chucks to the wheels.

Proceeding now to describe the more distinctively novel features of construction in my improved machine, and referring more particularly here to Figs. 1 to 8, inclusive, it will be seen that each chuck, as shown in said figures, consists, first, of a cylindric body, 0, firmly secured to the spindle-head and provided with a radial slot or recess, 0", of suitable size to admit the projecting end of the axle freely to the center of the chuck; second, radially-moving centering-jaws E, fitted to slide in the chuck at opposite sides of its cen- IIO ter, for externally graspin'gand centering or supporting the said projecting end of the axle when so admitted through the slot to aposition between them; third, screws E, for operating said jaws, provided with fixed pinions c, gear-wheels E", engaged with said pinions, and also with a circular rack, E, traveling in an annular groove in the spindle-head G; and, fourth, independently-mo"able holding and driving jaws F,also fitted to slide in the face of the chuck, for engaging the latter firmly with the car-wheel after the said wheel has been properly centered.

The jaws E, when two in number, are placed one on each sid'eof the radial recess 0 at its inner end, so that when they areradially re- ;tracted the journaled end of the axle X may be directed into position between them. When relied on for centering the axle,-they are also constructed with V-shaped notches in their ends, or with branches 6 e, which operate in a familiar way when the jaws are closed down upon the axle to bring the latter to a center with the chuck, as indicated. Preferably,the rearmost arms, 6, of these jaws are longer than their fellows, so that when thelatterare spread only far enough to freely admit the axle the longer arms, 6, will strike the axle and the more readily bring the same to place in closing thereon.

The holding and driving jaws F, when three in number, are preferablyplaced with reference to the radial slot C and to the central jaws, E, as shown in Fig. 4, orone on each side of and one directly opposite said slot; These holding and driving jawsare desirably formed to project beneath the wheel-rim and also to stand opposite the vertical face of said rim, as clearly shown in. Figsr5 to S, inclu ive, but with the purpose of forcibly engaging the wheel-rim by an outward pressure of the parts f, which engageits inner or under surface. These outwardly-bearing faces of the holdingjawsare therefore shown serrated. This construction and, use of said jaws is not new.

To point out certain details of construction in'the radially-recessed form ofchuck above described, the cylindric body 0 thereof is shown in the drawings as hollow, and pro vided with brackets or an inwardlydirected flange, Oflby which the same is bolted to the spindle head 0. For the inner support of the pivot-pins e of thepin'i-ons E lugsc are caston the inner vertical face of the chuck-shell. In

Figs. 7-and 8,aeentering-.bar, Ciis fitted to slide in ahollow form ofehuck- -spindle G, and to' run out through the innerend ofthe radial slot (Yet the chuck when required. In this case the said slot C may extend in depth the full width of said cylinder, as shown in'Flg. 8, wherein the opening thereof is visible beyond the axlejou-rnal. But when the centering bar O is not present, the slot may be inclosed by a web, (3 integral with its side walls. These and other mere details of mechanical construction are all variable'without departure from my invention, an operative form of which is sought to be shown. The centering-bar C carrying a center, 0', to enter the original center countersink of the axle, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, is generally desirable whether the jaws E be present or not, and will commonly be employed. This center bar, C is splined in the chuck-spindle C, as'shown at 0 and rotates therewith, and is operated by a hand-wheel screw, 0 at the outer end of the spindle, as more clearly shown in Figs. 7 and 8. The center bar is preferably fitted to the inner end of the slot 0 of the chuck-body, so as to derive support therefrom when run out to engage insidejournaled axles, as shown in Fig. 7;-and to this end the said inner end of the slot 0 will desirably be enlarged, as indicated in Figs. 4 and 8, so that the center bar (made of corresponding size) may not wholly want such support on the side of the slot.

Proceeding next to describe the alternative form ofchuck illustrated in Figs. 9 to 11, inclusive, the spindle-head 0* of said figures has firmly secured on its vertical face a suitable number of very rigid posts, F, which reach into proximity with the car-wheel. In the outer end faces-of these posts driving-jaws F are fitted to slide radially of the head-or plate 0*, as in the chucking mechanism previously described. Central radially-sliding jaws E may also be applied to the spindle-head or plate 0*, as secnin Figs. 9 and 10. In the drawings these jaws are also mounted to slide in the outer ends of posts E, so as to engage the axle nearthe wheel, and are operated by screws E, not connected but independent. The posts E" are preferably erected upon op posite ends of a plate, and cast or formed integral therewith. Said plate E as shown, has a central boss,'e on its back, which sets in a corresponding recess in the plate 0 for greater certainty of position and stability, and is further held in place by bolts 6. If a center bar, 0 is employed, the plate E has a suitableeentral aperture therefor. In this construction of the chuck the posts F, and, consequently, the driving-points of the chuck, which are the outer ends of these posts, are separated by spaces between them, through some one or other of which the projecting end of the axle may be admitted laterally to its central position, substantially as it is admitted through the slot or groove 0 of the form of chuck previously described, and without retraction'or advancement of the chuck itself beyond what may be necessary to clear the driving-jaws from or to engage them with the wheels.

In addition to the movement of the drivingjaws F in their guiding grooves, (illustrated in all figures of the drawings.) Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate the posts or parts F, in which said jaws are mounted, as themselves movable radially on the head or plate which supports them. For this purpose I prefer to construct the posts with broad-faced base plates or flanges ICO ing-boltsf may be seated. By this means the posts may be set in position for any size of wheel for which the plate may be adapted and there secured as firmly and rigidly as though bed upon practically horizontal tracks.

made integral with the plate itself.

In Figs. 11, 11*, and 12 are shown two slightly-diti'erentforms of adjunctive devices for giving a lateral bearing of the driving-jaws upon the car-wheel rim, consisting of a stud, f", placed in a hole in the jaw exterior to the projeetiou f, and adapted to be run out into contact with the edge of the wheel-rim.

In the construction of Figs. 11 and 11 the stud is flattened at its sides, so as not to rotate in its correspondingly shaped seat, and is screw-threaded 011 its party-cyliudric surfaces to receive the n u tf, which occupies aslot in the top of the jaw. By rotating the nut the stud may be run in or out in afatniliar manner so as to bear properly against the side of the wheel-rim, and thereby still more perfectly steady the wheel under the action ofthe turning-tool.

In Fig. 12 the studf" istappeddirectlyinto thejaw F, and has an external square by which it may be turned as required.

In operating the machine described it is desirable to avoid lifting and handling the carwheels and their axle as far as possible. I

, therefore propose, generally, that the machine be set in a pit to about the depth of the frame A, (which may be shallower than shown,) in order that the wheels may be run in upon the The tracks should be adjusted to carry the axle to a position a little below that which it will occupy when centered and set in the machine, and in this case the chucks will be rotated into position to admit the axle ends into the slots or spaces between their driving points as the wheels are rolled in upon their tracks. Any ordinary or suitable jacking devices may be used to lift the wheels and to raise the axle to proximately the desired position to be finally centered before running up the tail-stock and shoving the wheels over the drivingjaws F. ]t is contemplated, however, that the jaws E will be used to first lift theaxle,and when this is done,and before closing said jaws tightly upon the axle or accurately bringing the axle to its center, to run up the tail-stock, for the purpose of pushing the axle endwise and carrying the wheels overthe driving-jaws F. This done, the axle may be finally and accurately brought to center eitherby thejaws E or by the centerbars, C according to which may be used for the 1) urpose, or by co-operation of both, if both are present. I prefer to rely on the centering-bar and its point 0' for finally centering the axle by its countersinks, and to use the jaws E to first. bring the axle very nearly to center, so

that the center points will enter the countersinks, as above described, and, finally, after the center points are set up, to then close the jaws E down tightly upon the axle, in order to hold the same more firmly and to prevent its springing while the driving-jaws are being set, as well as to aid in supporting the wheels when, subsequently, the wheels are being turned. The jaws E may obviously be constructed to bear upon the journals, or upon the larger part of the axle nearer the wheels, as may be desired, and if used only to jack up the axle only the lowermost of said jaws need be present or used.

In Fig. 15 one of two similarly-adjustablc tracks for guiding the wheels and axle proximately to place is shown. The sections T of the tracks are hinged at their outer ends by a suitablejoint, and their inner ends, which e.\'- tend over the machine-bed, are vertically adjustable, so as to direct the axle to a position with its centers slightly below the centers of the lathe, but with thejournals or protruding ends bet-ween the jaws E, (or over the single or lower jaw E, if only one on each chuck is pres nt, as shown in Fig. 15, for the sole purpose of lifting the axle to place.) In the use of the radially'slotted form of chuck the axles may, if desired, be guided by the tracks into the outer ends of the slots 0 and the chucks being held the axle may be rolled upon its journals inwardly along said slots to finally rest upon the lower and lifting jaws, E. Manifcstly the vertically-adj ustable tracks may be made to raise the wheels and axle into position to receive the centering devices.

In order to obviate the necessity of all movement of the head or tail stock (after once being adjusted to a given length of axle) for the purpose of bringing the driving-jaws F beneath the rims of the ear-wheels, said drivingjaws may be themselves mounted so as to move in a direction at right angles to the face of the chuck, as, for illustration, shown in Fig. 13. In this figure the post F is made, say, seven or eight inches in external diameter, and is bored to receive the slide F, which is, say, five inches in diameter. This slide carries the grooved head F, in which the driving-jaw F is held, and is desirably feathered in its seat in the post, so as to not rotate. On its outer side said slide F is shown flattened, to give a bearing-surface for a gib or for a set-screw, f by which the slide is held in a given position. In the absence of familiar devices that may be employed for running the slide F out and in, so as to cause the driving-jaws to engage or clear the car-wheel rim, the said slide may be conveniently moved by hand, or by aid of any suitable lever which may be kept at hand for the purpose. This construction will perhaps be preferable to that requiring movement of the tail-stock, inasmuch as it involves no shifting of the car-wheels and their axle endwise of the latter, which may therefore be guided by suitable tracks exactly to the position from which it will need only to be raised to bring it between the chuck-centers, and because, further, the individual jaws, while loose from the wheels and freed in their bearings, may

be quickly managed by the operator without the aid of a helper.

A lathe-chuck constructed with a set of independent jaws, and also with a set of con nected or universal jaws, is not of my invention. The form of driving-jaws adapted to engage the wheel by the inner or under surface of the wheel is also not new with me, the said form of jaw having been heretofore employed in driving a single wheel detached from its axle.

Iam also not the inventor of the duplex tool-slides carrying tools which work on the tread and flange of the same wheel, nor of a hollow spindle provided with aface-plate, and having a follower therein which carries a center to engage the countersink of the axle.

A passage next the head 0*, clear through the cylindric part 0, and in line with the slot C", may be provided, as indicated by dotted lines of Fig. 8, to admit more light by which to note the position of the axle end with reference to the center 0, when thelatter is employed.

In describing forms of the devices claimed, which possess more than one advantage or function, I desire it to be understood that such modifications as shall attain one or more but less than all said results shall not therefore be regarded as departures from my invention.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a lathe adapted for truing car-wheels when fixed upon their'axle, a chuck external to the wheel having driving-points adjacent to the wheel-face, and radially distant from the axle, and provided with a space or passage between its driving-points, adapted to laterally admit the protruding journaled end of the axle to a central position as to the chuck, substantially as described.

2. In a lathe adapted for truing car-wheels when fixed upon an axle having outside journals, the combination, with means for centering the axle, of chucks constructed to present fixed driving-points in proximity to the carwheels near the peripheries of the latter, said chucks being provided with spaces or passages between their driving-points, whereby the protruding ends of the axle may be radially admitted to their central posit-ion, and also provided with drivers movably applied to the said driving-points of the chucks for engaging the latter with the car wheels, sub stantially as described.

3. In a lathe for truing car-wheels when on their axle, the combination, with a chuck, of a movable part adapted to lift the end of the axle to a central or proximately central position with respect to the chuck.

4. In a lathe for truing car-wheels when on their axle, the combination, with an external chuck, of a radially-movable part arranged to engage the adjacent protruding portion of the axle, and adapted to lift it to a central or proximately central position with respect to the chuck.

5.- In a lathe for truing car-wheels when fixed upon their axle, the combination, with anexternal chuck, of a centering-bar, and aradially-movable part which engages the protruding portion of the axle, substantially as and for either or all of the purposes set forth.

6. In a lathe for truing car-wheels when fixed upon their axle, the combination, with the body of an external chuck, of drivers which engage the wheel radially external to the axle, and opposing jaws which laterally engage the protruding portion of the axle, substantially as and for either or all the purposes set forth.

7. The combination, with a lathe adapted for truing car-wheels when fixed upon their axles, and provided with chucks having mechanisms adapted to lift the axle to its central position, of tracks or guides arranged to direct the axles into position to be engaged by said lifting devices, substantially as described.

8. The combination, with a lathe adapted for truing car-wheels upon their axle, and provided with centering devices, of verticallyadjustable tracks for the car-wheels, whereby the latter may be brought into position for the engagement of their axle with the centering devices, substantially as described.

9. In a lathe adapted for truing car-wheels when fixed upon their axle having outside journals, the combination, with a plate on the spindle, of rigid posts projecting from said plate into proximity with the wheel-face near its rim, radially-movable driving-jaws at the free ends of said posts, adapted to engage the wheel-rim, and suitable devices for centering the axle, substantially as described.

10. The combination, with a plate on the spindle of a lathe, of radially-moving driving-posts, suitable devices for securing the posts in a desired position on the plate, radially-movable jaws, as F, mounted on the free ends of said posts, and centering devices, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

11. The combination, with the body of a lathe-chuck, of drivers which are severally movable both radially thereto and at right angles to the plane thereof, substantially as described.

12. The combination, in a lathe chuck, of adjustable slides, as F, provided with radial guidesin their outer faces, driving-jaws mounted movably in said guides, and centering mechanism, substantially as described.

13. In a lathe adapted fortruing car-wheels I when fixed upon an axle having outside journals, the combination,with achuck constructed to radially admit the protruding ends of the axle to their central positions, and provided with driving mechanisms contrived to engage the wheels at points radially distant from the axle, of centering-bars having a range of movement by which they may engage the ends of axles having either outside or inside journals, and means for supporting the axle-engaging ends of the centering-bars when run out into engagement with insidejournaled axles,whereby the same machine is equally adapted to either class of axles, sub- 10 stantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I alfix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

MELVILLE E. DAYTON.

Witnesses:

G120. E. DAYTON, J ESSE Cox, Jr. 

